A numerical model for the analysis of the continuous wave operation of an erbium doped fiber ring laser is presented. The purpose of modeling should be to develop a deep and quantitative understanding of how such devices work. Modeling of gain in edfa and its behavior in c and l band. Pdf modeling erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers semantic. An extensive outline of the basic physics and modeling of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers is presented. Pdf modeling highconcentration lband edfa at high optical. Sergio granieri erbium doped fiber amplifiers edfa are one of the most widely used optical amplifiers in the field of optical communications and fiber lasers. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers are modeled using the propagation and rate equations of a homogeneous twolevel laser medium.
A typical setup of a simple erbiumdoped fiber amplifier edfa is shown in figure 1. In the first part, the spectroscopic features and properties of the. The erbium ion is a crucial factor for the generation of the stimulated and spontaneous emission. We study different features of this amplifier, which depend essentially on the optogeometric parameters of doped fiber amplifier, such as concentration of ions erbium, length of the fiber and the core diameter. The erbiumdoped glass optical gain medium amplifies light at wavelengths that are in the neighborhood of 1550 nm the optical wavelengths that suffer minimum attenuation in optical fibers. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers, 2 volume set desurvire, emmanuel on. According to the research performed in recent years, it is known that the pumping of erbium doped fiber at 980 nm or. Simple, experimentallyverified expressions are presented for the signal gain, pump absorption and output noise spectrum of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers having arbitrary numbers of signals and pumps of arbitrary power levels and propagation directions. Implementation of three functional devices using erbium.
Erbium fiber amplifiers is a comprehensive introduction to the increasingly important topic of optical amplification. Request pdf modeling and simulation of bandwidth expansion in erbium doped fiber amplifiers a model is introduced in this paper and the effects is of nonlinear scattering on the amplifier gain. Invited paper en efficient simulation model of the erbiumdoped. Helmy department of electrical and computer engineering, university of toronto, 10 kings college road, toronto, on m5s 3g4, canada. Modeling of erbium doped fiber ring laser sciencedirect. Gain and noise figure performance of erbium doped fiber amplifiers edfa a. The model includes radial distribution of dopant and modal intensity in the optical fiber. Principles and applications these are just a handful of the essential questions answered in erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers the first book to integrate the most influential current papers on this breakthrough in fiber optics technology. This thesis describes theoretical and experimental studies on two subjects. The most common example is the erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa, where the. A theoretical analysis of amplification characteristics of bidirectional erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers with single erbiumdoped fiber. Numerical and analytical modeling of polarizationdependent gain in erbium doped fiber amplifiers. We have considered the effect of amplification of rectangular and triangular pulses of different powers. In this paper we describe a single kinetic model consistent with current experimental results of the effect of hydrogen on erbium doped fiber, and derive three approximations to the model that can be used to fit data from fiber.
Ultrasound receivers are frequently exposed to overload conditions during bmode and pulsed doppler operation. Fiber lasers, pm amplifiers edf50 pm 27281 a pm fiber with absorption of 50 dbm at 1530 nm. The signal to be amplified and a pump laser are multiplexed into the doped fiber, and the signal is amplified through interaction with the doping ions. Modeling of gain in erbium doped fiber amplifiers abstract. Modeling of fiber amplifiers and lasers rp photonics. Black box model of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers in c and. Erbium doped fibers provide the basic building blocks for fiber optic amplifiers more specifically erbium doped fiber amplifiers edfas used in broadband optical networks and catv applications. Modeling edfa gain and its characteristics has been studied in the. The edf has a length and a fractional population density of erbium ions in an excited state. Its core is the erbiumdoped optical fiber, which is typically a singlemode fiber. Modeling claddingpumped eryb fiber amplifiers request pdf. This phd thesis, undertaken within the framework of modegap, covers the design and optimization of highperformance inline multimode erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers mmedfas or fewmode fm edfa for nextgeneration sdm transmission systems based on modedivision multiplexing mdm. The major glass types potentially useful in this application are considered and compared to silica.
Characterization and modeling of erbiumdoped fiber. Pdf rate equations based on intensitydependent overlapping factors are integrated to obtain analytic solutions for pump, signal, and amplified. Analytic modeling of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers on the basis of intensitydependent overlapping factors. Pdf numerical and analytical modeling of polarization. Modeling erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers, in journal of lightwave technology, vol.
The product has the advantages of high reliability, high power output, high gain and low noise. In the last case, there are two levels in the light generation. Pdf highconcentration erbiumdoped fibers used in lband erbiumdoped fiber amplifier edfa are known to experience additional losses due to effects. Validation of the applicability of mccumbers theory to the study of silicabased erbiumdoped fibers. The erbiumdoped fiber amplifier edfa was the first successful optical amplifier and has revolutionized the optical. The quasiparticle model leads to an analytical expression for the gain coefficient of an erbiumdoped glass fiber amplifier, or generally, of a fiber amplifier or fiber laser. Erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa is an imperative element in dwdm networks. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers, 2 volume set desurvire, emmanuel on.
At least the loss limitation can be partially canceled out by the introduction of optical. In the mmedfas, minimizing the differential modal gain dmg is of paramount importance to prevent. These are just a handful of the essential questions answered in erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers. Simulation based analysis of erbium doped amplifier edfa.
Theoretical modeling of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers with. Temporal modeling of erbium doped fiber amplifiers temporal modeling of erbium doped fiber amplifiers sridhar, balakrishnan. It is effective for wavelength multiplexing several signals and for different pumping. This alloptical amplifier enables simultaneous amplification of multiple wavelengths in regard of electronic regeneration, direct optical amplification using erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers offers many advantages for long haul repeated transmission.
Pdf analytic modeling of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers. Simple continuouswave, gainswitched and qswitched fiber lasers. Noise performance of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers with. Modeling of gain and noise in erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers. Analytic modeling of highgain erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers. Fibers with confined erbium doping are completely characterized from easily. Analytic modeling of erbium doped fiber amplifiers on the basis of intensitydependent overlapping factors. Encyclopedia letter e erbium doped fiber amplifiers. We derived a closedform analytical expression that describes the gain of edfa in terms of input powers and signal wavelengths. A model of erbiumdoped fiber amplifier gain dynamics. The topics addressed include quenching processes and the solubility of rareearth ions, transition strengths and bandwidths at the 1500nm gain. A numerical evaluation of the equation is performed for a 980 nm pumped amplifier fiber. This cited by count includes citations to the following articles in scholar.
Theory on the timedynamic simulations is not yet included. Contribute to jomiripyfiberamp development by creating an account on github. An optical amplifier is a device that amplifies an optical signal directly, without the need to first convert it to an electrical signal. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers are an important technology for lightwave voice, video, and data transmission. Modeling of gain in erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers ieee. Principles and applications offered an important exploration of the theninfant technology of erbiumdoped fiber.
Arya and others published mathematical modeling of lband erbium doped fiber amplifier for optimum gain find, read and cite all the research you need on. Numerical methods are used to analyze the effects of optical modes and erbium confinement on amplifier performance, and to calculate both the gain and amplified spontaneous. In many practical wavelengthdivision multiplexed wdm systems, erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers edfa must maintain a flat gain spectrum over a broad bandwidth for a wide temperature range. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers are an important technology for lightwave voice, video, and data transmission.
Kinetic modeling of hydrogeninduced degradation in erbium. Simple modeling approach for the temperature dependence of. Numerical solution of a general rateequation model of an erbium doped fiber amplifier highlights several important features of the device. Fits to data are shown for two of the three models. Pdf modeling erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers semantic scholar. The goal of this thesis is to provide a numerical model for edfas and verify its validity through experimental measurements.
Methods of modeling erbium doped fiber amplifiers lucent. Introduction to optical amplifiers 417 a raman amplifier is distributed over a long span of optical fiber. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers are traditionally pumped with either 980 nm or 1480 nm laser diodes, which correspond to exciting 11 2 4i and 2 4i levels respectively. Randy giles, member, ieee, and emmanuel desurvire, member, ieee invited paper abstract erbium doped fiber amplifiers are modeled using the propagation and rate equations of a homogeneous, twolevel laser me dium. Pdf numerical analysis of concentration quenching model. An extensive outline of the basic physics and modeling of erbium doped fiber amplifiers is presented. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers are modeled using the propagation and rate equations of a homogeneous twolevel laser medium. Using a temporal model we have shown the effect of pulse amplification of submicro second pulses in an erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa. A spatialmode model of erbiumdoped fiber amplifier edfa gain dynamics is presented. Modeling light amplification in erdoped singlemode fibers. Written by one of the pioneers in the field, this unique reference provides. The calculated results by the proposed model are in good agreement with the experimental ones. Erbiumdoped optical fiber amplifiers edfas have low noise and can amplify many wavelengths simultaneously, making the edfa the amplifier of.
Simple, experimentallyverified expressions are presented for the signal gain, pump absorption and output noise spectrum of erbium doped fiber amplifiers having arbitrary numbers of signals and pumps of arbitrary power levels and propagation directions. The fiber has an elliptical core design with high erbium concentration making it attractive for very short fiber use in the laser cavity. Gain modeling of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers pumped at. Packed with information on important system experiments and the best experimental results to date as well as over 1,400 references to the expanding literature, erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers illuminates such key areas as. The boundary conditions needed for the dynamic model are calculated through a numerical solution of a basic rate equation of a twolevel laser system in steady state. The gain and noise performance are then examined under forward and reverse pumping.
Pdf mathematical modeling of lband erbium doped fiber. An analytic method is described for fully characterizing the gain of an erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa that is based on easily measured monochromatic absorption data. The first case can be described by a threelevel laser model whereas the second case is a quasithreelevel system. A dynamic simulink model for erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers.
Modeling erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers harvard university. Numerical methods are used to analyze the effects of optical modes and erbium confinement on amplifier performance, and to calculate both the gain and amplified. Numerical methods are used to analyze the effects of optical modes and erbium confinement on amplifier performance, and to calculate both the gain and amplified spontaneous emission ase spectra. Amplified spontaneous emission ase is taken into account so that the gain of asesaturated erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers is calculated properly. These conditions can saturate the amplifiers andor the analogtodigital converter. Gain modeling of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers pumped at 980nm.
The core of the fiber is doped with erbium and is typically pumped with 980 or 1480 nm to produce gain around 1550 nm cband or 1590 nm lband. Find more supplier details at the end of this encyclopedia article, or go to our. The internal use of stability high power semiconductor laser, the high stability of wdm, isolator, and high gain erbiumdoped fiber. Modeling and simulation of bandwidth expansion in erbium. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers is a bonafide work done by mr. Typically, the optical pump is introduced at the end of a length of fiber in order to provide optical gain that increases towards the end of the fiber. Principles and applications these are just a handful of the essential questions answered in erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers the first book to integrate the most influential current papers on this breakthrough in fiberoptics technology.
Amplified spontaneous emission ase is taken into account so that the gain of asesaturated erbium doped fiber amplifiers is calculated properly. The ones marked may be different from the article in the profile. The detriment in the noise figure previously associated. Randy giles, member, ieee, and emmanuel desurvire, member, ieee invited paper abstracterbiumdoped fiber amplifiers are modeled using the propagation and rate equations of a homogeneous, twolevel laser me dium. A new method for the simple determination of crosssections 21 2. Paschotta this tutorial gives an introduction into the modeling of fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers. Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers are the by far most important fiber amplifiers in the context of longrange optical fiber communications. A difference in strongsignal gain between copropagating and counterpropagating signal pump schemes in the presence of pump excitedstate absorption is predicted, and this is confirmed by experiment. Erbium doped fiber amplifiers 36 suppliers for erbium doped fiber amplifiers. Oct 23, 2019 pyfiberamp is a rate equation simulation library for rareearth doped fiber amplifiers and fiber lasers partly based on the giles model. Fiber lasers, pm amplifiers rightwave highly doped erbium edf, ytterbium and thulium doped edf. Fundamentals of erbium doped fiber amplifiers, 7 2.
Erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers edfa are one of the most widely used optical amplifiers in the field of optical communications and fiber lasers. Erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa is a high performance, small size of the fiber amplifier products. When the flatness specification is tight, the temperature dependence of the erbium ion spectra is too great to allow flatness over a wide range of temperatures. Analytical solution for the dynamic behavior of erbiumdoped fiber. Numerical solution of a general rateequation model of an erbiumdoped fiber amplifier highlights several important features of the device. Rp photonics encyclopedia erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers. Osa theoretical modeling of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers. Numerical and analytical modeling of polarizationdependent gain in erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers. Pdf analytic modeling of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers on. Using this model, we will analyze the influences of edf structure parameters and operation condition on the characteristics of. It indicates that the gain of eydfa deteriorates after being irradiated by a neutron dose. Modeling and experiments of the gain and noise figure for an. To compensate for this attenuation, erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers edfas are commonly used to amplify the optical signal in the 1550 nm range. Written by three bell labs pioneers, the book stresses the importance of the interrelation of materials properties, optical properties, and systems aspects of optical fiber amplifiers.
Theoretical models based on the rate equations, therefore, were developed to predict the performance of such amplifiers. Invited paper en efficient simulation model of the erbium. Apr 30, 2002 a method of modeling erbium doped fiber edf for use in erbium doped fiber amplifiers edfa. Validation of the applicability of mccumbers theory to the study of silicabased erbium doped fibers. A theoretical analysis of amplification characteristics of.
Based on the homogenous model and inhomogeneous model of concentration quenching of erbiumdoped fiber amplifier with high doping concentration, the rate equation and power evolution equation of. Numerical methods are used to analyze the effects of optical. The noise performance of an erbium doped fiber amplifier edfa is characterized by modeling optical amplifiers as fourlevel or threelevel systems. Modelling of multimode erbiumdoped fibre amplifiers for. In the shown case, the active fiber is pumped with light from two laser diodes bidirectional pumping, although unidirectional pumping in the forward or backward direction codirectional and counterdirectional pumping. Pdf analytic modeling of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers based on.
In the first part, the spectroscopic features and properties of the erbium doped glass laser system are described. An optical amplifier may be thought of as a laser without an optical cavity, or one in which feedback from the cavity is suppressed. An erbiumdoped fiber is an optical fiber of which the core is doped with rareearth element. Design and development of erbium doped fiber amplifiers. The choice of the model of erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers edfas is a key issue for the efficient performance evaluation of multiwavelength optical networks. Modeling erbiumdoped fiber amplifiers ieee journals. Implementation of three functional devices using erbiumdoped fibers. We describe an analytic method that calculates accurately within a 1. The model has been obtained by developing the so called spectral one already presented for the analysis of erbium doped fiber amplifiers edfa. Atomic level ions and atoms are critical for the amplification phenomena. Gain modeling of erbium doped fiber amplifiers pumped at 980 nm thesis advisor. He development of erbiumdoped glass fibers has been a.
58 1378 586 1390 50 755 1319 1369 545 700 627 1460 535 1428 1582 1013 176 526 375 1224 952 897 169 1434 930 1362 447 804 1530 130 1465 93 264 832 184 69